The new version gained Eiffel's support: he bought the rights to the patent on the design which Koechlin, Nougier, and Sauvestre had taken out, and the design was put on display at the Exhibition of Decorative Arts in the autumn of 1884 under the company name. Sauvestre added decorative arches to the base of the tower, a glass pavilion to the first level, and other embellishments.įirst drawing of the Eiffel Tower by Maurice Koechlin including size comparison with other Parisian landmarks such as Notre Dame de Paris, the Statue of Liberty and the Vendôme Column Eiffel initially showed little enthusiasm, but he did approve further study, and the two engineers then asked Stephen Sauvestre, the head of the company's architectural department, to contribute to the design. In May 1884, working at home, Koechlin made a sketch of their idea, described by him as "a great pylon, consisting of four lattice girders standing apart at the base and coming together at the top, joined together by metal trusses at regular intervals". Eiffel openly acknowledged that inspiration for a tower came from the Latting Observatory built in New York City in 1853. It was envisioned after discussion about a suitable centerpiece for the proposed 1889 Exposition Universelle, a world's fair to celebrate the centennial of the French Revolution. The design of the Eiffel Tower is attributed to Maurice Koechlin and Émile Nouguier, two senior engineers working for the Compagnie des Établissements Eiffel. He decorated it with furniture by Jean Lachaise and invited friends such as Thomas Edison. On this top, third level is a private apartment built for Gustave Eiffel's private use. Although there is a staircase to the top level, it is usually accessible only by lift. The climb from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the climb from the first level to the second, making the entire ascent a 600 step climb. Tickets can be purchased to ascend by stairs or lift to the first and second levels. The top level's upper platform is 276 m (906 ft) above the ground – the highest observation deck accessible to the public in the European Union. The tower has three levels for visitors, with restaurants on the first and second levels. Excluding transmitters, the Eiffel Tower is the second tallest free-standing structure in France after the Millau Viaduct. Due to the addition of a broadcasting aerial at the top of the tower in 1957, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building by 5.2 metres (17 ft). It was the first structure in the world to surpass both the 200-metre and 300-metre mark in height. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to become the tallest human-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years until the Chrysler Building in New York City was finished in 1930. Its base is square, measuring 125 metres (410 ft) on each side. The tower is 330 metres (1,083 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-storey building, and the tallest structure in Paris. It was designated a monument historique in 1964, and was named part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site ("Paris, Banks of the Seine") in 1991. The Eiffel Tower is the most visited monument with an entrance fee in the world: 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015. The tower received 5,889,000 visitors in 2022, up by 197 percent from 2021, when numbers dropped due to the COVID virus. Although initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, it has since become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world. Locally nicknamed " La dame de fer" (French for "Iron Lady"), it was constructed from 1887 to 1889 as the centerpiece of the 1889 World's Fair. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. The Eiffel Tower ( / ˈ aɪ f əl/ EYE-fəl French: tour Eiffel ( listen)) is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. Archived from the original on 22 April 2016. Société d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel (SETE)
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